ELogs/FernandoFelix

Electronic Log for Fernando Franco Felix.

To do

• Confirm with Hamamatsu the values of the minimum measurable intensity (P_min) and the maximum linearly measurable intensity (P_max). Hamamatsu has been contacted and the data to confirm given, awaiting response.

Correct presentation

• Send corrected presentation

Photodiodes

• Investigate how to calculate the intrinsic voltage

Others

• Investigate about signal theory to determine what would be the smallest current detectable while using all significant bits

• Investigate how CT scans detect photons, since it seems to be similar to what we are doing

• Design the circuit diagram of how would the photodiodes and the DDC1128 be connected

• Write research essay

Studying

• Radiology
• Quantum Field Theory
• Quantum Computing

Completed

Correct presentation

• Use more text to explain how the calorimeter works and its purpose

• Rewrite presentation considering that is is for me to understand

Progress report

• Specify that the emission reported by NEMO matches with the variety of para-Therphenyl called 4-(3,3-Dimetylbutoxy)-para-Terphenyl, but that we cannot be sure for certain because it is protected IP

• Explain what is Proton Therapy and why it is promising

• Explain why there is a Bragg Peak and why calculating its precise location is vital

• Explain what Scintillation is and how it is used

• Explain why scintillation happens

• Explain the specifics of the scintillation in our experiment

• Explain which devices can be used to detect light, which ones we will use and why

• Explain how photodiodes work

• Explain how our photodiodes would work in our experiment

• Get sources for everything in the Report

Others

• Investigate about signal theory to determine what would be the smallest current detectable while using all significant bits

• Discovered that there are many conflicting definitions of the quantity known as "Noise equivalent power" and identified the one used in the Hamamtsu data sheets [10] [11] [1]

• Used the appropriate definition of NEP to make a better calculation of the Minimal Detectable Signal

• Read the DDC1128 data sheets to determine the largest possible signal by having the photodiodes connected to it as well as the largest amount of protons per second we could use

• Investigated the spectrum for the para-Terphenyl and POPOP used in the scintillation plastic directly from the source "Handbook or Aromatic Molecules", identified the version of para-Therphenyl that best matches the spectrum reported by NEMO (4-(3,3-Dimetylbutoxy)-para-Terphenyl) and transformed the graphs into numerical data to produce a total spectrum and determining which one will be our primary wavelength

• Sent Texas Instruments the required documents to sign NDA with TI to get the full Data Sheet of the DDC1128

• Read the basis of Proton Therapy, why does the Bragg Peak happen, how it can be used to treat cancer, red about the different kinds of proton beams and how do they work

• Investigated how photodiodes work, from a photon reaching the photodiode to the generation of a signal

• Investigated noise in photodiodes, how it is produced, how to reduce it, and how to detect a signal despite it, estimating the minimal detectable signal

• Calculated the expected signal from a single proton entering the scintillator

• Talk with Hamamatsu representative

• Establish the criteria for which photodiodes we can use and make a list of which ones fulfill them

• Make a table of the relevant characteristics of the photodiodes of interest

• Investigated how Scintillation works, how photons or charged particles produce scintillation and why aromatic molecules are so useful for it

• Investigated how the Analog to Digital Converters Work

• Read about how to connect photodiodes to ADC

• Contacted Texas Instrument about signing an NDA to get the full data sheet of the DDC1128

• Make presentation

• Give presentation

Useful tables and data

• Table for P_min [7]

• Photodiode calculations

• Project constants [4]

• Paraterphenyl+POPOP emission spectrum [1]

• Dynamic Range Calculations

References

• 1 Berlman, Isadore B. , Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules, Academic Press, New York and London (1971) (no link available but I have it in pdf if you need it)

• 2 J. Argyriades et al. Spectral modeling of scintillator for the NEMO-3 and SuperNEMO detectors (2010)

• 3 Paganetti, Harald. et al. Proton Therapy Physics. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. (2012) (no link available but I have it in pdf if you need it)

• 4 Kelleter, Laurent, presentation, Geant4 Simulation Segmented Calorimeter: Variation of Position of Diode and Beam, UCL Proton Therapy Group. London. (2017)

• 5 [www.osioptoelectronics.com/technology-corner/frequently-asked-questions/input-light-intensity.aspx\#02 Frequently asked questions: Input Light Intensity]

• 6 Photodiode Characteristics and Applications. OSI Optoelectronics

• 7 Yamamoto, Koei et al. Opto-semiconductor handbook, Ch. 02, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (2010) (no link available but I have the book you need it)

• 8 Decoster, Didier & Harari, Joseph, Optoelectronic Sensors, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2009)

• 9 Krizˇan, Peter & Korpar, Samo, Photodetectors in Particle Physics Experiments, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2013. 63:329–49

• 10 S. Leclercq, Discussion about Noise Equivalent Power and its use for photon noise calculation, (2007)

• 11 V. Mackowiak, J. Peupelmann, Yi Ma, and and A. Gorges, NEP – Noise Equivalent Power

• 12 Rose, M. "Investigating Methods of Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Detection"

Photodiodes of interest

Here are the links to the pages for the 8 Hamamatsu photodiodes of interest.

• S1227-16BQ
• S1227-16BR
• S1337-16BQ
• S1337-16BR
• S2387-16R
• S2387-130R
• S12915-16R
• S2551